Working Principles of Substations
Substations provide heating by using a portion of the water coming from the central boiler room while heating the domestic hot water coming from the hydrofoil by passing through the heat exchanger.
Substations, also known as floor stations, prioritize domestic hot water and offer much more comfortable hot water usage than boiler systems. They provide water at the desired flow rate and constant temperature even during sudden and variable domestic hot water demand.
Areas of Usage for Heat Stations (Substations)
- In skyscrapers or multi-story buildings
- In villas with central heating systems or centrally heated
- In the use of geothermal sources
- In almost all regional heating systems
- In natural gas, fuel oil, wood, and coal boilers
Substation (Floor Station) Design
The sequence followed when designing the Floor Station System is as follows:
- Flow rate for pump and pipe sizing
- Boiler or regional heating capacity
- Volume of the reserve tank
The total flow rate depends on the heating circuit flow rate and is determined based on the necessary primary feed flow rate for the heat exchanger. The maximum flow rate is observed in summer or winter depending on the parameters. When determining pipe diameters, the equivalent factor and priority domestic hot water demand in winter months should be considered.
If the domestic hot water control valve mechanically closes the radiator/underfloor heating supply circuit, it is understood that there is a 100% domestic hot water demand. If a valve without mechanical balance feature is used in this line, whether domestic hot water will be prioritized or not should be considered.