Hydrophore systems are critical equipment that ensure the continuous and balanced use of water in modern life. Especially in high-rise buildings, apartments, complexes, villas, and industrial facilities, hydrophore systems are needed to balance, store, and regulate water pressure. These systems, consisting of a combination of a pump and a pressure tank, provide users with continuous and comfortable water pressure when the city network's water supply is insufficient.
Regular maintenance and correct settings are of great importance for hydrophore systems to operate long-lasting, efficiently, and safely. One of the most critical factors at this point is the air pressure setting of the hydrophore tank. The air pressure in the hydrophore tank ensures that the water is stored under pressure and that the system operates in a balanced manner. Incorrect pressure values can cause the pump to engage much more frequently than normal, unnecessarily increase energy consumption, and shorten the lifespan of both the pump and the tank.
Among the most frequently asked questions by users are "how many bars of air should be pumped into the hydrophore tank?" and "how is the correct air pressure determined?" The correct air pressure values can vary in different volume and usage scenarios. However, since the operating principle of the tanks is the same, the calculation and adjustment methods are based on a common logic.
Not only pressure values but also topics such as "how to pump air into the hydrophore tank?", "how to perform the air pumping process into the expansion tank?" or "what should the hydrophore pressure setting be?" frequently come up regarding hydrophore systems. Incorrect air pumping procedures can cause the tank to fail its function, lead to water hammer, and cause serious malfunctions in the entire facility.
In this comprehensive guide, we answer all these questions needed by both individual users and technical teams. We explain step-by-step the ideal air pressure ranges for different volumes and usage types, the points to consider when making pressure adjustments, the methods of pumping air into the hydrophore tank, and the correct use of expansion tanks. We also discuss in detail the problems that may arise when too much or too little air is pumped.
A hydrophore tank is a pressurized vessel that allows water to be stored under pressure and prevents the hydrophore pump from operating continuously. Inside the tank, there is both water and air. While water is held in the membrane part of the tank, the air part provides pressure balance. Thanks to this structure, the pump does not have to engage immediately when water is used; the pressurized water in the tank is delivered to the user continuously.
The air pressure in the hydrophore tank is of critical importance for the system to operate efficiently and balanced. If the air pressure is not adjusted correctly, irregularities occur in the flow of water, the pump engages unnecessarily frequently, increasing energy consumption and shortening the lifespan of the equipment. With the correct air pressure setting, the system provides the user with comfortable water pressure and reduces maintenance costs in the long term.
Main Functions of the Hydrophore Tank
• Balancing water pressure: The pressure of water coming from the city network may not always be sufficient. Especially in high-rise buildings, it becomes difficult for water to reach the upper floors. The hydrophore tank provides equal pressure to users on every floor by storing water under pressure.
• Preventing unnecessary pump engagements: If there is no hydrophore tank in the system, the pump engages continuously when the tap is opened. This increases electricity consumption and causes excessive wear on the pump motor. The hydrophore tank stores water under pressure, allowing the pump to operate less frequently.
• Preventing water hammer: Water hammer occurs in the facility with pressure fluctuations during sudden tap opening or closing. This can lead to noise in the pipes, stress at connection points, and long-term damage to the facility. The hydrophore tank absorbs these shocks with its air cushion and protects the facility.
• Increasing energy efficiency and extending equipment lifespan: The hydrophore tank saves energy by reducing the number of pump operations. A less frequently operating pump has a longer lifespan, and maintenance and spare part costs decrease. Additionally, preventing pressure fluctuations increases the lifespan of other equipment in the facility.
Correct Air Pressure for Hydrophore Tank
Correctly adjusting the air pressure in hydrophore tanks is one of the most critical factors for the system to operate efficiently, safely, and long-lasting. The air pressure inside the tank directly affects the water storage capacity, the frequency of pump engagement, and the pressure fluctuations that may occur throughout the facility. Incorrect pressure settings can lead to not only a loss of comfort but also serious technical problems and costs.
The appropriate pressure value in hydrophore systems varies according to the opening-closing pressure ranges of the pump used, the height of the facility, the intensity of water consumption, and the characteristics of the usage area. Therefore, there is no single fixed value valid for every system. The important thing is to make the air pressure in the tank compatible with the needs of the pump and the facility.
General Pressure Rule
The most commonly used and reliable method in practice is as follows:
The tank air pressure should be set slightly lower than the pump's opening pressure.
The basic logic of this rule is to ensure that the pressurized water in the tank reaches the user continuously before the pump engages. If the tank pressure is equal to or higher than the pump's opening pressure, the tank cannot store water, and the pump has to work continuously. If the pressure is too low, the pump engages unnecessarily frequently, energy consumption increases, and equipment lifespan shortens.
In practice, this setting is usually made to be approximately 90% of the pump's opening pressure. Thus, both water capacity and air cushion are maintained in a balanced manner.
Why is This Ratio Preferred?
Keeping the pressure slightly lower than the pump's opening value allows the hydrophore tank to perform its function most efficiently.
• If the pressure is too high: Not enough water can be stored in the tank, the pump's engagement interval shortens, energy consumption increases, and the system is constantly strained. This situation shortens the lifespan of both the pump and the membrane, especially in high-usage structures.
• If the pressure is too low: The air cushion in the tank cannot perform its function, water hammer occurs in the facility, the pump operates irregularly, and fluctuations occur in the system. Additionally, low pressure causes excessive stretching of the membrane, leading to premature wear.
The 90% ratio establishes a balance between these two risks and ensures the system operates smoothly in the long term.
Points to Consider
Ensuring the correct air pressure is not limited to making an adjustment once; it requires regular control and maintenance.
• Attention during adjustment: When making pressure adjustments, the pump must be turned off, and the water inside the tank must be completely drained. Measurements made while the water is full give incorrect results, and adjustments will be faulty.
• Precise measurement: A quality and sensitive manometer should be used for measurement. Even small differences can directly affect the frequency of pump engagement and system efficiency.
• Periodic control: The air pressure in tanks can naturally decrease over time. The reason for this is leaks from valves, membrane stretching, or pressure losses occurring in intense usage. Therefore, pressure checks should be made at regular intervals.
- At least twice a year for domestic use,
- Every 3-4 months in apartment or complex systems,
- Monthly or every two months in industrial facilities is recommended.
• Use of appropriate equipment: During air addition processes, a compressor or hand pump can be used. However, the manometer should be constantly monitored to avoid over or under-inflating the system.
Benefits of Correct Adjustment
A correctly adjusted hydrophore tank not only provides comfortable water pressure but also extends the lifespan of the entire system.
• The pump works less, saving energy.
• The tank and membrane have a longer lifespan, reducing maintenance costs.
• Water hammer is prevented in the facility, protecting pipes and connection elements.
• Users always have balanced and continuous water pressure.
In short, correct air pressure adjustments are indispensable for comfort, energy savings, and long-lasting use.
Air Pressure in Large Volume Hydrophore Tanks
Large volume hydrophore tanks are preferred in structures with high water consumption, such as apartment blocks, complexes, hotels, hospitals, and industrial facilities. In such systems, both pump capacities and pressure values are adjusted to operate at higher levels. Therefore, the correct and balanced air pressure of high-volume tanks is of critical importance.
General Rule
The basic principle commonly used in hydrophore systems is as follows:
The tank air pressure should be slightly lower than the pump's opening pressure.
In practice, this often corresponds to approximately 90% of the pump's opening pressure. When set this way:
• The tank can store a sufficient amount of water under pressure.
• The pump engages only when needed.
• Energy efficiency is achieved, and equipment lifespan is extended.
The Role of Tank Volume
The size of the tank is not a factor that determines the air pressure alone. The main determinant is the operating pressure required by the system. Large volume tanks are generally used in structures requiring high pressure, so higher air pressure values are observed in practice. However, the main point here is the pump settings and facility requirements rather than the tank volume.
Effects of Excess or Insufficient Pressure
Incorrect settings in large volume tanks can have more serious consequences compared to small volume systems:
• Excess pressure: Reduces the tank's water storage capacity, causes the pump to engage more frequently, and increases energy consumption.
• Insufficient pressure: Can lead to water hammer, irregular pump operation, and rapid development of membrane damage.
In structures with high usage, frequent pump engagement directly increases energy costs. Therefore, correct air pressure adjustment becomes much more critical in large volume tanks.
Pressure Control Frequency
Large volume hydrophore tanks are usually found in environments with high usage intensity, so regular pressure control is necessary. Checking once or twice a year is not sufficient;
• In apartment and complex systems, every few months,
• In commercial and industrial facilities, it is recommended to check during each maintenance period or at shorter intervals.
How to Pump Air into a Hydrophore Tank?
Pumping air into a hydrophore tank is a simple but attention-requiring application. Incorrect procedures can pose risks for both the pump and the tank.
Step-by-Step Air Pumping into the Hydrophore Tank
1. Turn off the pump's electricity.
2. Completely drain the water inside the tank.
3. Measure the existing air pressure with the help of the valve at the top of the tank.
4. If the pressure is low, pump air with a compressor or hand pump.
5. If the pressure is high, release air with the help of the valve.
6. Once the correct pressure is achieved, the system is reactivated.
It is recommended to use a manometer during this process.
Pumping Air into the Hydrophore Expansion Tank
Expansion tanks used in hydrophore systems also require regular pressure adjustment, just like pressure tanks. If this adjustment is not made, pressure imbalances, membrane damage, and water hammer problems may occur in the system.
General Rule
The air pressure in the expansion tank should be set slightly lower than the system's operating pressure. This difference allows the tank to balance pressure fluctuations and provide enough space for water storage.
• When too much air is pumped: The tank's water storage capacity decreases, the system's flexibility disappears, and the pump may engage more frequently.
• When too little air is pumped: The membrane inside the tank is excessively strained, cannot perform its function fully, and wears out over time, leading to malfunctions.
How is the Hydrophore Pressure Setting Determined?
Pressure settings in hydrophore systems vary according to the needs of the usage area:
• Lower pressure values are generally preferred in domestic systems.
• Higher pressure is needed in commercial buildings (apartments, complexes, hotels, etc.).
• Much higher pressures may be required in industrial facilities.
The most critical point here is the compatibility of the pump's opening-closing pressure values with the tank air pressure. When determining pressure values, the size of the system, the height of the facility, and the intensity of water usage must be considered.
Consequences of Excess or Insufficient Air Pressure
For hydrophore tanks to operate correctly, the air pressure inside must be adjusted correctly. If the amount of air in the tank is not compatible with the system's overall pressure, serious problems can arise. Whether the pressure is too high or too low, system efficiency decreases, energy consumption increases, and the lifespan of the equipment is shortened. Therefore, knowing the consequences of both excess and insufficient air pressure is of great importance.
When Too Much Air is Pumped
• The tank's water capacity decreases: When more air than necessary is pumped into the hydrophore tank, the area where the tank can store water narrows. This leads to users being able to use less water under pressure. The tank's capacity decreases and becomes insufficient to meet the water demand.
• The pump engages frequently: Since not enough water can be stored inside the tank, the tank empties very quickly when the tap is opened or water is used in the facility. This causes the pump to engage more frequently than normal. The constant opening and closing of the pump increases both energy consumption and mechanical wear.
• Energy consumption increases: Frequent pump engagement means more electricity consumption. Especially in systems with high usage, pumping too much air creates significant energy costs in the long run.
• The lifespan of the pump and membrane shortens: Pumping too much air puts unnecessary pressure on the tank membrane. At the same time, since the pump motor engages frequently, the motor's lifespan decreases. This increases both maintenance costs and accelerates equipment replacements.
When Too Little Air is Pumped
• The tank cannot maintain pressure balance: When the air pressure in the tank is low, it is not possible to keep the water under pressure. In this case, pressure fluctuations in the system increase, and continuous, balanced water pressure cannot be provided to the user.
• Water hammer occurs: When too little air is pumped, the air cushion inside the tank cannot fully perform its function. Strong pressure waves (water hammer) occur in the facility with the sudden opening and closing of taps or the pump engaging. These shocks can cause noise in the pipe lines, loosening at connection points, and long-term damage to the facility.
• The pump operates irregularly: Without sufficient air pressure, the hydrophore system cannot maintain stable water pressure. This causes the pump to engage unnecessarily or, conversely, to engage late. Irregular operation reduces both user comfort and negatively affects pump performance.
• The tank membrane may be damaged: Low air pressure causes excessive stretching of the membrane inside the tank. This can lead to deformation, puncturing, or bursting of the membrane in a short time. Membrane damage causes the tank to completely lose its function and require expensive repairs.
Pumping too much or too little air is one of the most common causes of malfunctions in hydrophore systems. While too much air reduces the tank's water capacity and shortens the pump's lifespan, too little air prevents the tank from performing its pressure balancing function, leading to water hammer and membrane failures in the facility. In both cases, system efficiency decreases, energy consumption increases, and comfortable water pressure cannot be provided to the user.
Therefore, the hydrophore tank pressure should be regularly checked and adjusted to values appropriate for the system's operating pressure.
How Often Should the Hydrophore Tank Pressure Be Checked?
The hydrophore tank is one of the most important components of the system, and the air pressure inside directly affects the performance of the entire system. Therefore, it is extremely important to regularly check the pressure of the hydrophore tank. Tanks that are not checked or adjusted to incorrect values can lead to malfunctions and significant energy losses in a short time.
The Importance of Regular Control
The air pressure inside the hydrophore tank can decrease over time. The reason for this is the frequent use of the tank, the formation of air leaks from valves, membrane stretching, or natural pressure loss due to long-term use. When pressure values are not checked, the pump engages more frequently than necessary, energy consumption increases, and the membrane is damaged. This not only leads to a loss of performance but also shortens the lifespan of the tank and pump.
Control Frequency
Experts recommend checking the pressure of the hydrophore tank at least twice a year. However, this interval may vary depending on the intensity of system usage:
• For domestic use: Checking twice a year is sufficient. It is generally recommended to be done in spring and autumn.
• In heavily used apartment and complex systems: Checks should be made every three months. Especially in summer, due to increased water consumption, pressure can change more quickly.
• In industrial facilities: Since hydrophore systems used in factories and production areas operate at much higher capacity, it is recommended to check every month or at least every two months.
Control Method
Pressure control is a process that can be done with simple equipment. Pressure measurement can be made with a manometer from the valve located at the top of the tank. During measurement, the pump should be off, and there should be no water left in the tank. If the pressure is low, air is added; if it is high, air is released. Correct values should be adjusted according to the pump's opening pressure.
Problems That May Arise If Control is Neglected
• The pump engaging more frequently than normal
• Increase in energy costs
• Early wear or tearing of the tank membrane
• Occurrence of water hammer in the facility
• Inability to provide continuous water pressure to users
Conclusion
One of the most important criteria for hydrophore systems to operate long-lasting, efficiently, and safely is the correct adjustment of the air pressures of the tanks. Incorrect pressure adjustments not only reduce the performance of the system but also significantly shorten the lifespan of the pump and tank. Excessive pressure causes the pump to engage much more frequently than normal and leads to energy losses, while insufficient pressure causes water hammer, irregular operation, and membrane damage. Therefore, it is of critical importance for both users and technical teams to regularly check pressure values.
Correct pressure adjustment in hydrophore tanks preferred in different volumes and usage intensities makes a big difference in the overall performance of the system. The important thing is to always adjust the tank air pressure to be slightly lower than the pump's opening pressure. Thus, the tank can store a sufficient amount of water under pressure, the pump engages only when necessary, and the system operates both efficiently and balanced.
Incorrect pressure adjustments can lead to serious consequences in the long term: pump motors may fail more frequently, membrane lifespan may shorten, and constant pressure fluctuations may occur in the facility. This not only increases operating costs but also negatively affects user comfort.
Regular pressure checks extend the lifespan of equipment in addition to saving energy. Because a hydrophore system operating with the correct pressure does not unnecessarily engage the pump and keeps electricity consumption to a minimum. This reduces maintenance costs and provides long-term sustainable use. Experts recommend that pressure checks be done several times a year; in heavily used apartments, complexes, or industrial facilities, it is recommended to check at shorter intervals.
As Ekin Industrial, we not only provide product supply in hydrophore and expansion tank solutions but also offer correct product selection, technical consultancy, and periodic maintenance support. Our goal is to ensure that our customers achieve maximum efficiency from their systems, reduce energy costs, and extend the lifespan of equipment. Whether for domestic use, commercial buildings, or industrial facilities, our expert team is always by your side to ensure your hydrophore systems operate in the most accurate way.
In conclusion, a hydrophore system with the correct air pressure setting offers users continuous and balanced water pressure, optimizes operating costs, and provides a reliable foundation for long-term success. Regularly checking pressure settings and seeking expert support when necessary is a matter that should not be neglected.